CONECTIVIDAD ENTRE EL SISTEMA NERVIOSO Y EL SISTEMA INMUNITARIO Versión imprimible
De Dolopedia
- Enlaces de interés : Integración de sistemas frente a la noxa
- The interactions between the central nervous system (CNS) and the immune system are extensive.Así:
- These systems are connected anatomically and physiologically through the autonomic nervous system via vagal (parasympathetic) and sympathetic innervation of the main sites of the immune system in the liver, spleen, bone marrow, thymus, lymph nodes, skin and gastrointestinal system (Steinman, 2004) .
- All lymphoid organs, including bone marrow, have autonomic innervation . Esto implica que los events that activate the central autonomic network affect the immune system. Así, , When sympathetic nervous system arousal occurs, sympathetic axon terminals innervating lymphoid tissues release epinephrine ( E) ,norepinephrine ( NE) , and neuropeptide Y (NPY) . Lymphocytes, macrophages, and other immune cells bearing functional adrenoceptors respond to the released substances . The release of sympathoadrenomedullary (SAM) catecholamines into the systemic circulation exerts a similar effect. Through activation of circulating leukocytes and other immune cells and immune tissues at various locations throughout the body , catecholamine secretion modulates all aspects of immune responses, such as initiative, proliferative, and effector phases, and it can alter lymphocyte proliferation, cell trafficking, antibody secretion, and cytokine production . In addition, NPY’s receptors, Y1 and Y2, exist throughout the immune system. NPY stimulates lymphocyte proliferation , enhances leukocyte function , and modulates macrophage activity.
- All lymphoid organs, including bone marrow, have autonomic innervation . Esto implica que los events that activate the central autonomic network affect the immune system. Así, , When sympathetic nervous system arousal occurs, sympathetic axon terminals innervating lymphoid tissues release epinephrine ( E) ,norepinephrine ( NE) , and neuropeptide Y (NPY) . Lymphocytes, macrophages, and other immune cells bearing functional adrenoceptors respond to the released substances . The release of sympathoadrenomedullary (SAM) catecholamines into the systemic circulation exerts a similar effect. Through activation of circulating leukocytes and other immune cells and immune tissues at various locations throughout the body , catecholamine secretion modulates all aspects of immune responses, such as initiative, proliferative, and effector phases, and it can alter lymphocyte proliferation, cell trafficking, antibody secretion, and cytokine production . In addition, NPY’s receptors, Y1 and Y2, exist throughout the immune system. NPY stimulates lymphocyte proliferation , enhances leukocyte function , and modulates macrophage activity.
- The two systems also communicate through an array of chemical messengers ranging from small molecules, including nitric oxide (NO),, to proteins, such as cytokines La microglia - células inmunitarias del SN - y los astrocitos pueden ejercer efectos sobre el SN y viceversA . Específicamente:
- - la microglia: Estas células exemplify the interdependence of nervous and immune systems . Así , su activación potencia los fenómenos de acute hyperalgesia and allodynia . Más específicamente , es reseñable el papel de las citokinas como coordinadores de las respuestas del SN y el sistema inmunitario ( ver mec acción de las citokinas )
- - The astrocyte, un tipo celular de la neuroglía , diversely supports CNS function astrocytes surround neurons and their synaptic connections, thereby influencing pre-synaptic neurotransmitter release through modulation of synaptic cleft calcium concentration and membrane polarization. In controlling local environments, they functionally organize regional synaptic connections. In addition, they provide the important function of neurotransmitter uptake, thus protecting against glutamate neurotoxicity, which is implicated in several central pathological states.